Vajrabhairava mandala. Plate with Carp. Fisherman Wu Zhen. The Simple Retreat Wang Meng. Citation Department of Asian Art. Second Century B. Second—First Century B. China, — A.
Himalayan Region, — A. Iran, — A. Iraq, — A. Japan, — A. Korea, — A. During his reign, the value of the paper currency was devalued by about 80 percent.
This procedure enriched the court and the Mongols relative to the rest of the population but impoverished the population in general, especially the rich Chinese merchants and officials. Since the Mongol rulers could print as much paper currency as they wanted, they printed too much and the value of the money kept dropping. The costly wars and great defeats were financed largely with paper money and, to reinforce their monetary control, they outlawed the use of gold and silver currency.
From the s onward, natural disasters , such as epidemics, droughts, and floods, brought suffering and death to the peasants. The Little Ice Age began, and similar famines and natural disasters caused political instability around the world at the same time. In , the bubonic plague pandemic, known as the "Black Death" in Europe, began to sweep the empire. The epidemic ravaged the empire. Millions of people died in Hebei Province alone.
In , the Yellow River shifted course. This caused a massive flood that impoverished an important and populous region at the center of the empire. The river flooded on two other occasions during the last couple of decades.
There were also massive famines. There was a time of drought that lasted from to In , a rebellion started called the Red Turban Rebellion. The Red Turbans said that the bad rule of the Yuan Dynasty caused the natural disasters because they lost the Mandate of Heaven.
The court defeated the rebellion but more started soon after. Between and , an important leader of the Red Turban Rebellion, Zhu Yuanzhang, defeated all the other powerful rival armies. In , he attacked the Yuan empire capital of Dadu Beijing and gained control of it. The Yuan court fled northwards. Mongolia became the final home of the Yuan Dynasty clans. Mongolians kept trying to recapture the empire but they failed. They eventually allied with the Manchus, and Mongolians became officials in the Qing Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan palaces. He established a new dynasty called the Ming Dynasty. Beijing tours : Beijing then called Dadu —'Big Capital' was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and has continued to be China's capital for most of the following years.
Discover the enduring charm of the 'big capital' with China Highlights. Silk Road tours : Their control of the Silk Road's northern land route to Central Asia gave the Mongols a major source of income and manpower.
It is still a popular travel route for sightseeing. We offer a number of packages that highlight the sights along the historic land route. China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service. If you continue browsing, you agree to the use of cookies. More details can be found in our privacy policy. Home Chinese Culture China History. Genghis Khan's statue.
The Genghis Khan Mausoleum. The Yuan Dynasty came from Mongolia. The Silk Road was a part of the Mongol and Yuan empires. Another favored painting genre of the Yuan is bamboo painting For example, see this painting by Ni Zan.
To the proud and secluded Yuan scholars, bamboo itself was a symbol a shape or design that is recognizable and has a meaning associated with it. Students will analyze the painting A Branch of Bamboo along with the poetry printed on it. Then, students will create their own Chinese quatrain, a jueju. Smithsonian Current Language Follow us:.
Facebook Twitter Instagram YouTube. Search this site Search. Objective Students will analyze the painting A Branch of Bamboo along with the poetry printed on it. Object: A branch of bamboo. Object: Fishermen, after Jing Hao. Object: Tilling Rice, after Lou Shou.
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